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Stricter Naturalization Rules: Residency Requirement to Increase to "10 Years or More" - Implementation Considered for 2026

The Japanese government and ruling parties have entered discussions to extend the residency requirement for foreign nationals applying for Japanese nationality (naturalization). The proposal aims to raise the requirement from the current "5 years or more" to "10 years or more in principle." This policy change is expected to be implemented through a revision of operational guidelines rather than a legal amendment.

For foreign entrepreneurs and investors planning business expansion or permanent settlement in Japan, particularly those holding a Japan Business Manager Visa, this change will significantly impact the roadmap from visa status to naturalization or permanent residency.

"Principle 10 Years" via Operational Guidelines, Not Legal Amendment

Currently, the Nationality Law stipulates "5 years or more of residency" as a requirement for naturalization. However, under this stricter policy, the government intends to effectively extend this period by altering the operational standards without amending the law itself.

This move follows recommendations for stricter requirements from the Japan Innovation Party and instructions for review by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi. The Ministry of Justice explains that "the Nationality Law only defines the minimum requirement (5 years), and applying stricter judgment at the operational level does not pose a legal issue."

Key Operational Changes

• Required Residency Period: Extended from the current 5 years to 10 years in principle.
• Exceptions: Exceptions will be made for cases recognized as a "contribution" to Japan (e.g., long-term active athletes).

Comparison: Naturalization vs. Permanent Residency Requirements

The proposed revision emphasizes balancing the requirements for naturalization and permanent residency. Previously, an inversion existed where "Naturalization (5 years)" was shorter than "Permanent Residency (Principle 10 years)"; this change aims to resolve that discrepancy.

Permanent Residency Also Stricter: Mandatory Japanese Proficiency

In addition to naturalization, requirements for Permanent Residency are also being tightened.

• Addition of Japanese Proficiency: Revisions to guidelines are being considered to make Japanese language ability a mandatory requirement.
• Mandatory Course Completion: There are proposals to obligate applicants to complete programs learning the Japanese language and Japan's systems/rules.
• Review of Maximum Period of Stay: Currently, holding a "3-year" period of stay makes one eligible for PR application, but operational changes are planned to restrict this to those holding a "5-year" period of stay.

Consequently, the hurdles for applying for permanent residency will be raised for those currently residing in Japan under statuses such as the Business Manager Visa.

Future Schedule and Outlook

The government is expected to revise the comprehensive measures regarding the acceptance and coexistence of foreign nationals as early as late January 2026.

Note: This article discusses proposed changes reported in the media and government discussions. Specifically for those planning to transition from a Japan Business Manager Visa to Permanent Residency or Naturalization, it is crucial to closely monitor news regarding these institutional changes and make early preparations and adjustments to your life plan.